France

4-6 avenue d'Alsace

92982 Paris

La Defense Cedex

France

Tel: +33 1 55 681447

Email: lchetcuti@fidalinternational.com

Website: www.fidal.fr

Laurent Chetcuti is a partner in indirect tax and is based in the Paris office of Fidal Direction Internationale*.

Laurent has worked in VAT for more than 14 years and advises on indirect tax and VAT issues in a wide range of environments. He has a complete understanding of the various challenges facing companies on a daily basis as well the different options available to resolve these issues. In particular, Laurent has developed real technical expertise in the area of VAT in IT systems.

Aside from his local practice, Laurent is the partner in charge of KPMG's Indirect Tax Retail Group, set up nine years ago in recognition of the market need for VAT specialists with a strong understanding of the rapidly evolving constraints on retail businesses. The global team comprises individuals with excellent knowledge of the retail sector and strong technical skills.

Laurent is a member of the OECD advisory group and works with the European Commission's VAT expert group.

Laurent is a lecturer at the Sorbonne University and has written articles in various international and national publications on emerging best practices in the digitalisation of business and its impact on indirect tax.

* Fidal is an independent legal entity separate from KPMG International and KPMG member firms.

10, rue Duquesne, 69006

Lyon,

France

Tel: +33 (0) 4 72 68 68 54 (office); +33 (0) 6 09 26 78 16 (mobile)

Fax +33 (0) 4 78 54 60 25

Email: emmanuel.cotessat@cotessat.com

Emmanuel Cotessat is a French registered lawyer / Avocat. He spent about 10 years in the international tax teams of Price Waterhouse first and then Arthur Andersen. He founded his own advisory firm in July 2000, which now has a team of dedicated lawyers and accountants dealing exclusively with international indirect tax and Customs matters.

185, avenue Charles de Gaulle

Neuilly sur Seine 92200

France

Tel: +33 1 55 61 66 72

Email: mguichard@taj.fr

Website: www.taj.fr

After spending 17 years in the tax legislation department of the Ministry of Economy, focusing on finance and budget, VAT and Customs, and international tax treaties, Michel Guichard has focused his professional practice on counsel to French and foreign firms. He has kept a fruitful contact with the French Tax Administration (FTA).

Michel has nearly 30 years of experience in international and French tax law and VAT. In 1983, he joined the French Treasury with roles in the VAT and international tax departments. After spending three years with Andersen, beginning in 1999, Michel joined Deloitte & Touche Juridique et Fiscal in Paris (now renamed Taj) in 2002 as a director. Michel advises some of the firm's global strategic clients. He is the leader of the French indirect tax and customs team and also leads Taj's tax controversy team. He is a member of the International Fiscal Association and APTE, a non-profit organisation with EU VAT experts.

He is also the lead tax partner at Taj assisting French multinational companies.

His expertise relevant to indirect taxes covers:

• VAT planning and due diligences,

• Business restructurings and VAT refunds

• Cross-border VAT

• IPT, salaries tax including organic

• Counsel on Customs to French and foreign multinational groups

• Optimising the management of flows

• VAT and Customs audit and negotiation

• Audit of the French agreed economic operator procedure

• Export control

• Assistance to litigation on all tax matters

• Regularisation procedure for companies and individuals

• Lobbying actions to FTA and EU Commission.

4-6 avenue d'Alsace

92982 Paris La Defense Cedex

France

Tel: +33 (1) 55681930

Email: amoraine@fidalinternational.com

Website: www.fidal.fr

Arnaud is a partner of Fidal Direction Internationale*, the KPMG-affiliated French law firm, and the head of the firm's VAT practice in France (20 professionals dedicated to VAT, customs and other indirect taxes).

Previously, Arnaud worked for 14 years with the VAT team of CMS Bureau Francis Lefebvre and with Landwell et Associés as partner of the firm's VAT practice. He is experienced in advising and litigating VAT issues at a domestic and European level in a variety of business sectors.

He covers all VAT aspects but has specific experience in the real estate and public/charities sectors and in indirect taxation in French overseas departments, where is he one of the very few specialists of specific indirect taxes such as octroi de mer.

His main clients are the biggest French businesses in all sectors of activity, but also foreign companies investing in France or in Europe, searching for global indirect tax assistance.

Arnaud created and leads the European Indirect Tax Centre at the Burgundy University, where he teaches VAT for the Master II degree in tax law and in various other professional VAT degrees. He co-authored the French manual "The management of VAT" and regularly publishes technical articles in leading tax reviews.

Arnaud is associate professor in tax law at the University of Burgundy since 2014.

* Fidal is an independent legal entity separate from KPMG International and KPMG member firms.

32, Rue de Monceau

75008 Paris

France

Tel: +33 170388817 (office); +33 626565028 (mobile)

Email: alain.recoules@arsene-taxand.com?

Website: www.arsene-taxand.com

Alain Recoules is the deputy leader of Taxand's Global Indirect Tax team. He is based in Taxand France where he is a partner of Arsene Taxand. After obtaining a DESS (postgraduate degree) in company tax management, Alain joined Arthur Andersen International in 1989. He worked for several years in the financial services practice, and in 1998 he became the partner in charge of the VAT/Customs practice that he created at Andersen Legal. While at Andersen Legal, he also helped build a team that specialised in tax audit of computerised accounting systems. In addition to his proficiency in VAT and international trade regulations, Alain has acquired particular expertise, in both France and Europe, in the retail and leisure sectors and computer services companies, along with solid knowledge of the banking and fund management company sectors. In 2002, he applied his knowledge to the Landwell VAT/Customs practice, of which he was joint head. Alain was actively involved in developing the financial services practice at Landwell as well.

Alain's areas of expertise are VAT, indirect tax and Customs.